MODERNISING PAKISTAN’S SHIPPING REGULATIONS AND TRADE FACILITATION AUTHORITIES UNDER CONVENTION ON THE FACILITATION OF INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRAFFIC 1965

Anwer, Syed Abdullah

doi:10.54690/issrap.v16i1.164

Research Article (Vol. 16(1)) 2024

MODERNISING PAKISTAN’S SHIPPING REGULATIONS AND TRADE FACILITATION AUTHORITIES UNDER CONVENTION ON THE FACILITATION OF INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRAFFIC 1965

ISSRA Papers

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Abstract

A developing maritime economy like Pakistan can greatly benefit from the comprehensive framework of standards, guidelines, and recommended practices provided by the modern and comprehensive provisions of the Convention on the Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic 1965 (FALC). This study’s objective is to analyse the FALC’s legal provisions and Pakistan's domestic maritime law in relation to ship and port juncture activities in order to make recommendations for updating the country's current statutory rules and regulations in line with international standards, conventions and practices. According to the study, the FALC has significantly facilitated international maritime traffic through the harmonisation and standardisation of its port and shipping procedures. Following the FALC's and the facilitation committee's approved guidelines will improve Pakistan's overall competitive standing as an emerging regional shipping hub, especially under the long term plan for China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Furthermore, it will also allow Pakistan to sustainably transform into a significant maritime transit trade centre in the Western Indian Ocean Region.

Keywords: Convention; Facilitation Committee; harmonisation; standardisation; port; shipping; practices

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MODERNISING PAKISTAN’S SHIPPING REGULATIONS AND TRADE FACILITATION AUTHORITIES UNDER CONVENTION ON THE FACILITATION OF INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRAFFIC 1965

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5 Jul 2024

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12 Nov 2026

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National Defence University

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2219-0562

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16 (1)

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39-53

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Public Administration and Governance; International Law and Human Rights

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10.54690/issrap.v16i1.164

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https://issrapapers.ndu.edu.pk/index.php/site/article/view/164

References 39

Idris Yakubu, Aisha, Act to incorporate FALC as amended into the laws of Nigeria, International Maritime Law Institute (IMLI). URL < https://imli.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AISHA-IDRIS-YAKUBU-.pdf> accessed 20 May 2023.
Alexandrowicz,Charles Henry, The FALC and International technical regulations (A Comparative Study) ,The International and Comparative Law Quarterly,URL < https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/756763.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A7316a331b8f1101e4b5b1658f81c0ef1&ab_seg ments=&origin=&initiator> accessed 23 May 2023
History/Background of FALC’ (International Maritime Organization), < https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/Convention-on-Facilitation-of-International-Maritime-Traffic-(FAL).aspx#:~:text=Adoption%3A%209%20April%201965%3B%20Entry,in%20formalities%20and%20other% 20procedures. > accessed 23 May 20222.
Status of IMO Treaties, FAL 1965, URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/ > accessed 24 May 2022
Baber Ali Bhatti and Syed Abdullah Anwer, The Manual of Maritime Laws, Published by Maritime Study Forum, 2021 pg 639. <https://www.academia.edu/52626072/The_Manuals_of_Maritime_Laws_in_Pakistan_by_Babar_Ali_Bhatti_ and_Syed_Abdullah_Anwer > accessed 27 May 2022.
Facilitation Committee (FAL 46), 9 to 13 May 2022, < https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/MeetingSummaries/Pages/FAL-46th-Session.aspx > accessed 27 May 2022.
FAL 46/3, Proposed amendments and modifications to the FALC Annex, IMO DOCS. < https://docs.imo.org/Search.aspx?keywords=FAL%20Convention > accessed 27 May 2022.
Introduction to Facilitation Committee, IMO Website. URL < https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Facilitation/Pages/FALCommitee-default.aspx > accessed 27 May 2022.
Alexandrowicz,Charles Henry, The FALC and International technical regulations (A Comparative Study) ,The International and Comparative Law Quarterly,URL < https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/756763.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A7316a331b8f1101e4b5b1658f81c0ef1&ab_seg ments=&origin=&initiator= > accessed 28 September 2022.
Status of IMO Treaties, FAL 1965. URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/ > accessed 28 September 2022.
Facillitation Committee, 46th Session, “Consideration & Adoption of Proposed Amendments to the Convention”. URL<https://docs.imo.org/Shared/Download.aspx?did=133490 > accessed 28 September 2022.
IMO, Status of Treaties, URL< https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/About/Conventions/StatusOfConventions/Status%202023.pdf > accessed 28 September 2022.
Peralta, Joel, Senate Resolution Concurring in the Ratification of Convention of FALC 1965, as amended, (2014), International Maritime Law Institute. URL < https://imli.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/JOEL-PERALTA-2014-2015.pdf > accessed 29 September 2022.
Ibid.
Facilitation, IMO Website. URL < https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Facilitation/Pages/Default.aspx > accessed 30 September 2022
IMO, FAL 46/3, Proposed amendments and modifications to the FALC Annex, IMO DOCS., URL< https://docs.imo.org/Search.aspx?keywords=FAL%20Convention > accessed 01 October 2022.
Ibid.
Shamika N. Sirimanne and Jan Hoffmann, The United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Review of Maritime Transport 2021. URL < https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2021_en_0.pdf > accessed 2nd October 2022.
Introduction to Facilitation Committee, IMO Website. URL < https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Facilitation/Pages/FALCommitee-default.aspx > accessed 27 May 2022.
Shamika N. Sirimanne and Jan Hoffmann, The United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Review of Maritime Transport 2021. URL < https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2021_en_0.pdf > accessed 2nd October 2022.
Ibid.
Convention against Corruption, (United Nations : Office on Drugs and Crime). URL < <//www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/index.html > accessed 20 February 2023.
FAL.5/Circ.48, GUIDANCE TO IMPLEMENT AND ADOPT PROCEDURES AGAINST MARITIME CORRUPTION, IMO DOCS. URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Facilitation/Facilitation/FAL.5-Circ..48.pdf > accessed 21 February 2023.
FAL.5/Circ.47, GUIDELINES FOR NATIONAL MARITIME TRANSPORT FACILITATION COMMITTEES AND PROGRAMMES, IMO DOCS. URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Facilitation/FAL%20related%20nonmandatory%20do cuments/FAL.5-CIRC.47.pdf > accessed 22 February 2023.
Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS), IMO Website. URL <https://gisis.imo.org/Public/Default.aspx> accessed 23 February 2023.
FAL.5/Circ.42/Rev.2, GUIDELINES FOR SETTING UP A MARITIME SINGLE WINDOW, IMODOCS. URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Facilitation/FAL%20related%20nonmandatory%20do cuments/FAL.5-Circ.42-Rev.2.pdf > accessed 23 February 2023.
Standard 1.3 ,FAL 46/3. Consideration and adoption of proposed amendments to the convention. IMO DOCS. URL< https://docs.imo.org/Search.aspx?keywords=FAL%20Convention > accessed 24 February 2023.
“World Customs Organization” (World Customs Organization). URL<https://www.wcoomd.org/ > accessed 26 February 2023.
“Trade Facilitation and E-Business(UN/CEFACT) UNECE” (Trade Facilitation and E-business(UN/CEFACT). URL https://unece.org/trade/uncefact >accessed 26 February 2023.
FAL.5/Circ.46, GUIDELINES ON AUTHENTICATION, INTEGRITY AND CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION EXCHANGES VIA MARITIME SINGLE WINDOWS AND RELATED SERVICES, IMO DOCS. URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Facilitation/FAL%20related%20nonmandatory%20do cuments/FAL.5-CIRC.46.pdf> accessed 1 March 2023.
Ayesha Urooj ,Evolution of Pakistan Merchant Marine Policy 2001; Amendments of 2019, Maritime Study Forum. URL < https://www.maritimestudyforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/evolution-of-pakistan-merchant.pdf >acessed 3 March 2023.
Maritime Doctrine of Pakistan, Published Pakistan Navy, 1st Edition 2018.
Long Term Plan for China Pakistan Economic Corridor (2017-2030) ,CPEC Secretariat, Ministry of Planning Development and Special Initiatives, < https://www.pc.gov.pk/uploads/cpec/LTP.pdf > accessed 3 June 2023.
Rizvi, Hasan Askari. “The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Regional Cooperation and Socio-Economic Development.” Strategic Studies 34/35 (2014): 1–17. URL < https://www.jstor.org/stable/48527472 >acessed 8 March 2023.
Rizvi, Hasan Askari, CPEC Regional Cooperation and Socio-Economic Development. URL < https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/48527472.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A182ecf469910f94e506ccfdb11d4bdac&a b_segments=&origin=&initiator=&acceptTC=1 > accessed 29 May 2022.
China Pakistan Economic Corridor Authority Act 2021, Khalid Zafar and Associates. URL < https://khalidzafar.com/wp-content/files_mf/1674669983TheChinaPakistanEconomicCorridorAuthorityAct2021.pdf> accessed 7 June 2023.
Web Based One Customs, Website Home Page. URL < https://www.weboc.gov.pk/(S(acl5t02hcbqb24jqmks1gnaz))/Login.aspx> accessed 10 March 2023.
Step By Step Guide for New Exporters, Export Procedures, Trade Development Authority Pakistan (TDAP). URL < https://tdap.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Step-by-Step-Guide-for-New-Exporters-Export-Procedures.pdf> accessed 10 March 2023.
Baber Ali Bhatti and Syed Abdullah Anwer. The Manual of Maritime Laws. Published by Maritime Study Forum. 2021 pg. 639. URL <https://www.academia.edu/52626072/The_Manuals_of_Maritime_Laws_in_Pakistan_by_Babar_Ali_Bhatti_ and_Syed_Abdullah_Anwer > accessed 10 March 2023.

[1] Idris Yakubu, Aisha, Act to incorporate FALC as amended into the laws of Nigeria, International Maritime Law Institute (IMLI). URL < https://imli.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AISHA-IDRIS-YAKUBU-.pdf> accessed 20 May 2023.

[2] Alexandrowicz,Charles Henry, The FALC and International technical regulations (A Comparative Study) ,The International and Comparative Law Quarterly,URL < https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/756763.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A7316a331b8f1101e4b5b1658f81c0ef1&ab_seg ments=&origin=&initiator> accessed 23 May 2023

[3] History/Background of FALC’ (International Maritime Organization), < https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/Convention-on-Facilitation-of-International-Maritime-Traffic-(FAL).aspx#:~:text=Adoption%3A%209%20April%201965%3B%20Entry,in%20formalities%20and%20other% 20procedures. > accessed 23 May 20222.

[4] Status of IMO Treaties, FAL 1965, URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/ > accessed 24 May 2022

[5] Baber Ali Bhatti and Syed Abdullah Anwer, The Manual of Maritime Laws, Published by Maritime Study Forum, 2021 pg 639. <https://www.academia.edu/52626072/The_Manuals_of_Maritime_Laws_in_Pakistan_by_Babar_Ali_Bhatti_ and_Syed_Abdullah_Anwer > accessed 27 May 2022.

[6] Facilitation Committee (FAL 46), 9 to 13 May 2022, < https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/MeetingSummaries/Pages/FAL-46th-Session.aspx > accessed 27 May 2022.

[7] FAL 46/3, Proposed amendments and modifications to the FALC Annex, IMO DOCS. < https://docs.imo.org/Search.aspx?keywords=FAL%20Convention > accessed 27 May 2022.

[8] Introduction to Facilitation Committee, IMO Website. URL < https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Facilitation/Pages/FALCommitee-default.aspx > accessed 27 May 2022.

[9] Alexandrowicz,Charles Henry, The FALC and International technical regulations (A Comparative Study) ,The International and Comparative Law Quarterly,URL < https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/756763.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A7316a331b8f1101e4b5b1658f81c0ef1&ab_seg ments=&origin=&initiator= > accessed 28 September 2022.

[10] Status of IMO Treaties, FAL 1965. URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/ > accessed 28 September 2022.

[11] Facillitation Committee, 46th Session, “Consideration & Adoption of Proposed Amendments to the Convention”. URL<https://docs.imo.org/Shared/Download.aspx?did=133490 > accessed 28 September 2022.

[12] IMO, Status of Treaties, URL< https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/About/Conventions/StatusOfConventions/Status%202023.pdf > accessed 28 September 2022.

[13] Peralta, Joel, Senate Resolution Concurring in the Ratification of Convention of FALC 1965, as amended, (2014), International Maritime Law Institute. URL < https://imli.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/JOEL-PERALTA-2014-2015.pdf > accessed 29 September 2022.

[14] Ibid.

[15] Facilitation, IMO Website. URL < https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Facilitation/Pages/Default.aspx > accessed 30 September 2022

[16] IMO, FAL 46/3, Proposed amendments and modifications to the FALC Annex, IMO DOCS., URL< https://docs.imo.org/Search.aspx?keywords=FAL%20Convention > accessed 01 October 2022.

[17] Ibid.

[18] Shamika N. Sirimanne and Jan Hoffmann, The United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Review of Maritime Transport 2021. URL < https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2021_en_0.pdf > accessed 2nd October 2022.

[19] Introduction to Facilitation Committee, IMO Website. URL < https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Facilitation/Pages/FALCommitee-default.aspx > accessed 27 May 2022.

[20] Shamika N. Sirimanne and Jan Hoffmann, The United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Review of Maritime Transport 2021. URL < https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2021_en_0.pdf > accessed 2nd October 2022.

[21] Ibid.

[22] Convention against Corruption, (United Nations : Office on Drugs and Crime). URL < <//www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/index.html > accessed 20 February 2023.

[23] FAL.5/Circ.48, GUIDANCE TO IMPLEMENT AND ADOPT PROCEDURES AGAINST MARITIME CORRUPTION, IMO DOCS. URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Facilitation/Facilitation/FAL.5-Circ..48.pdf > accessed 21 February 2023.

[24] FAL.5/Circ.47, GUIDELINES FOR NATIONAL MARITIME TRANSPORT FACILITATION COMMITTEES AND PROGRAMMES, IMO DOCS. URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Facilitation/FAL%20related%20nonmandatory%20do cuments/FAL.5-CIRC.47.pdf > accessed 22 February 2023.

[25] Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS), IMO Website. URL <https://gisis.imo.org/Public/Default.aspx> accessed 23 February 2023.

[26] FAL.5/Circ.42/Rev.2, GUIDELINES FOR SETTING UP A MARITIME SINGLE WINDOW, IMODOCS. URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Facilitation/FAL%20related%20nonmandatory%20do cuments/FAL.5-Circ.42-Rev.2.pdf > accessed 23 February 2023.

[27] Standard 1.3 ,FAL 46/3. Consideration and adoption of proposed amendments to the convention. IMO DOCS. URL< https://docs.imo.org/Search.aspx?keywords=FAL%20Convention > accessed 24 February 2023.

[28] “World Customs Organization” (World Customs Organization). URL<https://www.wcoomd.org/ > accessed 26 February 2023.

[29] “Trade Facilitation and E-Business(UN/CEFACT) UNECE” (Trade Facilitation and E-business(UN/CEFACT). URL https://unece.org/trade/uncefact >accessed 26 February 2023.

[30] FAL.5/Circ.46, GUIDELINES ON AUTHENTICATION, INTEGRITY AND CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION EXCHANGES VIA MARITIME SINGLE WINDOWS AND RELATED SERVICES, IMO DOCS. URL < https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Facilitation/FAL%20related%20nonmandatory%20do cuments/FAL.5-CIRC.46.pdf> accessed 1 March 2023.

[31] Ayesha Urooj ,Evolution of Pakistan Merchant Marine Policy 2001; Amendments of 2019, Maritime Study Forum. URL < https://www.maritimestudyforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/evolution-of-pakistan-merchant.pdf >acessed 3 March 2023.

[32] Maritime Doctrine of Pakistan, Published Pakistan Navy, 1st Edition 2018.

[33] Long Term Plan for China Pakistan Economic Corridor (2017-2030) ,CPEC Secretariat, Ministry of Planning Development and Special Initiatives, < https://www.pc.gov.pk/uploads/cpec/LTP.pdf > accessed 3 June 2023.

[34] Rizvi, Hasan Askari. “The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Regional Cooperation and Socio-Economic Development.” Strategic Studies 34/35 (2014): 1–17. URL < https://www.jstor.org/stable/48527472 >acessed 8 March 2023.

[35] Rizvi, Hasan Askari, CPEC Regional Cooperation and Socio-Economic Development. URL < https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/48527472.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A182ecf469910f94e506ccfdb11d4bdac&a b_segments=&origin=&initiator=&acceptTC=1 > accessed 29 May 2022.

[36] China Pakistan Economic Corridor Authority Act 2021, Khalid Zafar and Associates. URL < https://khalidzafar.com/wp-content/files_mf/1674669983TheChinaPakistanEconomicCorridorAuthorityAct2021.pdf> accessed 7 June 2023.

[37] Web Based One Customs, Website Home Page. URL < https://www.weboc.gov.pk/(S(acl5t02hcbqb24jqmks1gnaz))/Login.aspx> accessed 10 March 2023.

[38] Step By Step Guide for New Exporters, Export Procedures, Trade Development Authority Pakistan (TDAP). URL < https://tdap.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Step-by-Step-Guide-for-New-Exporters-Export-Procedures.pdf> accessed 10 March 2023.

[39] Baber Ali Bhatti and Syed Abdullah Anwer. The Manual of Maritime Laws. Published by Maritime Study Forum. 2021 pg. 639. URL <https://www.academia.edu/52626072/The_Manuals_of_Maritime_Laws_in_Pakistan_by_Babar_Ali_Bhatti_ and_Syed_Abdullah_Anwer > accessed 10 March 2023.

MODERNISING PAKISTAN’S SHIPPING REGULATIONS AND TRADE FACILITATION AUTHORITIES UNDER CONVENTION ON THE FACILITATION OF INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRAFFIC 1965

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