Food and Food Waste in the Qur’ān: A Thematic Approach

Lamuwala, Ali Asghar; Siddiqui, Umair Mahmood

doi:10.52541/isiri.v64i3.5728

Research Article (Vol. 64(3)) 2025

Food and Food Waste in the Qur’ān

A Thematic Approach

Islamic Studies

4 Cited by 60 References Full access

Abstract

Food waste is a pressing global issue with profound environmental, economic, and social consequences. The Qur’ān, which reveres food as a divine blessing, provides ethical and practical insights into addressing this challenge. This paper thematically examines the Qur’ānic view of food as a necessity of human beings and its provision by Allah. It also explores Qur’ānic guidance on food waste mitigation by identifying its drivers and proposing solutions rooted in the scripture. For instance, the abundance of food and overproduction have been identified as drivers of food waste by the Qur’ān. Other contributors include spoilage due to natural and anthropogenic factors, such as negligence in resource management. Moreover, the study examines Qur’ānic solutions for mitigation, emphasizing the role of moderate and mindful consumption, source reduction, charity, repurposing, and composting. Mindful consumption has also been promoted through many of the Qur’ānic injunctions and relevant strategies, such as preparing food by one’s own hands to foster a deeper appreciation for sustenance, thereby mitigating waste. The analysis of tafsīr literature reveals specific instances where sufficiency of food has been prioritized over excess, promoting sustainable food choices. Previous research has dealt with the Islamic perspectives of food waste, but a thorough study, especially based on scriptural insights, remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by thematically examining the Qur’ānic verses that highlight a profound concern for food waste mitigation. The findings hold particular relevance for Muslim societies grappling with excessive food waste, emphasizing the growing importance of religious approaches in addressing this critical issue, especially in Muslim societies.

Keywords: Qur’ān; food; thematic study; waste; mitigation; tafsīr

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Title

Food and Food Waste in the Qur’ān

Subtitle

A Thematic Approach

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Islamic Studies

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421:islamicstudies

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Active

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Research Article

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JournalArticle

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421:islamicstudies:2025n13

Language

English

Publication Date

30 Sep 2025

Record Entered On

10 Nov 2026

Last Updated

10 Nov 2026

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Active

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Registrant

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Islamic Studies

Publisher

Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad

ISSN

0578-8072

eISSN

2710-5326

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64 (3)

Pages

357-381

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Yes

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Social Sciences and Humanities

Religious Studies and Theology

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DOI

10.52541/isiri.v64i3.5728

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https://journals.iiu.edu.pk/index.php/islamicstudies/article/view/5728

References 60

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[1] “Arab States Waste Heaps of Food during Ramadan.” The Economist. May 23, 2019. Accessed October 10, 2024. https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/05/23/arab-states-waste-heaps-of-food-during-ramadan.

[2] “Ramadan New Video 2016 l Dont Waste Your Food.” Directed by Al Marai. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iS_YDpGZfU4.

[3] “Supermarket ‘Bogof’ Deals Criticised over Food Waste.” BBC News (UK). April 6, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26908613.

[4] “The Handmade Roti: The Significance of Making Roti for the Dawoodi Bohra Community.” Last updated September 20, 2024. https://www.thedawoodibohras.com/the-handmade-roti-the-significance-of-making-roti-for-the-dawoodi-bohra-community/.

[5] “USDA ERS - Food Expenditure Series.” Accessed December 17, 2024. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-expenditure-series/.

[6] Abedi-Sarvestani, Ahmad, and Mansoor Shahvali. “Environmental Ethics: Toward an Islamic Perspective.” American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci. 3, no. 4 (2008): 609-17.

[7] Al-Baghawī, Ḥusayn b. Mas‘ūd. Ma‘ālim al-Tanzīl. Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifah, 1989.

[8] Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismā‘īl. Ṣaḥīḥ.

[9] Al-Farāhīdī, Al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad. Kitāb al-‘Ayn. Edited by Mahdī al-Makhzūmī and Ibrāhīm al-Samarrā’ī. Beirut: Dār wa Maktabat al-Hilāl, n.d.

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[16] Asyari, Asyari, Perengki Susanto, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Rika Widianita, Md. Kausar Alam, and Abdullah Al Mamun. “Food Waste Behavioral Intention in Islamic Universities: The Role of Religiosity and pro-Social Behavior.” International Journal of Ethics and Systems (2024). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-10-2023-0231.

[17] Block, Lauren G., Punam A. Keller, Beth Vallen, et al. “The Squander Sequence: Understanding Food Waste at Each Stage of the Consumer Decision-Making Process.” Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 35, no. 2 (2016): 292-304. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.15.132.

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[19] Cenian, and Szymon Szufa. “Evaluation of Kitchen Waste Recycling as Organic N-Fertiliser for Sustainable Agriculture under Cool and Warm Seasons.” Sustainability 15, no. 10 (2023): 7997. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107997.

[20] Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu. “Composting as a Sustainable Solution for Organic Solid Waste Management: Current Practices and Potential Improvements.” Sustainability 16, no. 15 (2024): 6329. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156329.

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[25] Fazlur Rahman. Major Themes of the Qur’ān, 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2013.

[26] Fischler, Claude. “Food, Self and Identity.” Social Science Information 27, no. 2 (1988): 275-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901888027002005.

[27] Freedman, Marjorie R., and Carolina Brochado. “Reducing Portion Size Reduces Food Intake and Plate Waste.” Obesity 18, no. 9 (2010): 1864-66. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.480.

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[29] Garrone, Paola, Marco Melacini, Alessandro Peergo, and Miriam Pollo. “Surplus Food Recovery and Donation in Italy: The Upstream Process.” British Food Journal 116, no. 9 (2014): 1460-77.

[30] Griffin, Mary, Jeffery Sobal, and Thomas A. Lyson. “An Analysis of a Community Food Waste Stream.” Agriculture and Human Values 26, nos. 1-2 (2009): 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-008-9178-1.

[31] Gulzar, Aadil, Tajamul Islam, Muhammad Anees Khan, and Sheikh Marifatul Haq. “Environmental Ethics towards Sustainable Development in Islamic Perspective.” Ethnobotany Research and Applications 22 (2021). https://doi.org/10.32859/era.22.39.1-10.

[32] Harvest, Second. “How Denmark Reduces Food Waste by Changing Consumer Habits.” Second Harvest Blog. February 6, 2024. https://blog.secondharvest.ca/2024/02/06/how-denmark-reduces-food-waste-by-changing-consumer-habits/.

[33] Hassan, Hussein F., Lilian A. Ghandour, Ali Chalak, Pamela Aoun, Christian J. Reynolds, and Mohamad G. Abiad. “The Influence of Religion and Religiosity on Food Waste Generation among Restaurant Clienteles.” Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6 (2022): 1010262. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.1010262.

[34] Ishangulyyev, Rovshen, Sanghyo Kim, and Sang Lee. “Understanding Food Loss and Waste—Why Are We Losing and Wasting Food?” Foods 8, no. 8 (2019): 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8080297.

[35] Kallbekken, Steffen, and Håkon Sælen. “‘Nudging’ Hotel Guests to Reduce Food Waste as a Win–Win Environmental Measure.” Economics Letters 119, no. 3 (2013): 325-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.03.019.

[36] Kuligowski, Ksawery, Izabela Konkol, LesÅ‚aw Åšwierczek, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Adam

[37] Lavuri, Rambabu, Deepak Jaiswal, and Park Thaichon. “Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motives: Panic Buying and Impulsive Buying during a Pandemic.” International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 51, no. 2 (2023): 190-204. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-01-2022-0010.

[38] Lyndhurst, Brook, Jayne Cox, and Phil Downing. Food Behaviour Consumer Research: Quantitative Phase (2007). https://www.wrap.ngo/sites/default/files/2020-12/Food-behaviour-consumer-research-quantitative-phase.pdf.

[39] Manea, Elena Elisabeta, Costel Bumbac, Laurentiu Razvan Dinu, Marius Bumbac, and

[40] McGuire, Shelley. Review of The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015: Meeting the 2015 International Hunger Targets; Taking Stock of Uneven Progress, by FAO, IFAD, and WFP. Advances in Nutrition 6, no. 5 (2015): 623-24. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.009936.

[41] Mekouar, Mohamed Ali. “Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).” Yearbook of International Environmental Law 24, no. 1 (2013): 587-602. https://doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvu027.

[42] Moufakkir, Omar, and Busra Auzun. “Leveraging Religion to Reduce Food Waste: Examining Food Waste through the Lens of Islam and Arab Hospitality.” Preprints (2024). https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.1659.v1.

[43] Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj. Ṣaḥīḥ.

[44] Osner, Robin. “Food Wastage.” Nutrition & Food Science 82, no. 4 (1982): 13-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058904.

[45] Parfitt, Julian, Mark Barthel, and Sarah Macnaughton. “Food Waste within Food Supply Chains: Quantification and Potential for Change to 2050.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1554 (2010): 3065-81. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0126.

[46] Reynolds, Christian John, Tammara Soma, Charlotte Spring, and Jordan Lazell, eds. Routledge Handbook of Food Waste. London: Routledge, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429462795.

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Food and Food Waste in the Qur’ān

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